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[考研英语] 阅读精选 油价上涨对全球经济的影响

①Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? ②[1]Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. ③This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979 — 1980, when they also almost tripled. ④Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. ⑤So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

  ①The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. ②Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.

  ①[5]Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. ②[2]In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. ③In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

  ①Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. ②Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. ③Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. ④For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. ⑤[3]The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25 — 0.5% of GDP. ⑥That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. ⑦On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.

  ①[5]One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general co妹妹odity-price inflation and global excess demand. ②A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. ③The Economist’s co妹妹odity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. ④In 1973 co妹妹odity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. [438 words]

  1. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.

  [A] global inflation [B] reduction in supply
  [C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’s suspension of export

  2. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ___
___.

  [A] price of crude rises [B] co妹妹odity prices rise
  [C] consumption rises [D] oil taxes rise

  3. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ______.

  [A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive
  [B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices
  [C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
  [D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP

  4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.

  [A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now
  [B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks
  [C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
  [D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry

  5. From the text we can see that the writer seems ______.

  [A] optimistic [B] sensitive [C] gloomy [D] scared

  1、焦点辞汇注释

  call sb
[考研英语] 阅读精选 油价上涨对全球经济的影响插图
/ sth up

  1.打德律风给(或人)*2.使回想起,使想起

  例:The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.

  大海的气味勾起了她对童年的回想。

  3.to use sth that is stored or kept available挪用贮存,调出备用例:She called up her last reserves of strength. 她使尽了最后一点气力。

  conservation [′k?ns?(:)′vei∫?n]

  n. 庇护,保留;节省(天然资本)例:Conservation of water is of great importance in desert areas. 戈壁地域履行节制用水很是首要。conserve v. 保留,收藏

  crude [kru:d]

  a. 1.offensive or rude; vulgar粗暴的,粗野的;粗鄙的(尤指牵扯到性)例:He made some crude jokes. 他说了一些粗鄙的笑话。2.粗制的,粗陋的例:a crude sketch大略的草图*3.in the natural state; unrefined自然的,未提炼的例:crude rubber自然橡胶

  energy intensive

  a. 能源密集型的;雷同的词另有labor-intensive劳动密集型的,intellect-intensive 智力密集型的;intensive a. 增强的,密集的,高深的,透辟的

  gloom [glu:m]

  n. *1.[U]郁闷,郁悒,无望例:The gloom deepened as the election results came in.推举成果陆续传来,失败的情感愈来愈重。2.[U]阴暗,暗中,暗淡例:come
[考研英语] 阅读精选 油价上涨对全球经济的影响插图(1)
back in the gathering gloom在昏黄暮色中回来;gloomy a. 阴晦的,使人懊丧的,阴郁的

  hemisphere [′hemisfi?]

  n. [C]*1.地球的半球(尤指赤道以北或以南的北半球或南半球)2.半球,半球体;sphere n. 球,球体;hemi-前缀,意为half “半,一半”,如:hemicycle n. 半圆(形)

  muted [′mju:tid]

  a. 1.(声音)弱化的,微弱不清的;(色彩)不刺眼的,柔和的例:They spoke in muted voices. 他们轻声措辞。 / muted greens and blues各类柔和的绿色和蓝色*2.not openly or vigorously expressed非公然或非强烈表达的,黑暗的例:muted criticism暖和的批

  pump [p?mp]

  n. [C]*1.泵,唧筒,抽水机,打气筒;文中是用加油的“泵”指代“汽油”2.an act of pumping抽吸,泵送,抽运

  vt. (用泵)抽出或注入(液体、气体等)例:pump water out of the cellars用泵抽地下室里的水
vi. 1.(又作pump away)快速地上下挪动,敏捷地进收支出My heart was pumping fast. 我的心脏跳得很快。2.(of a liquid)to comes out in sudden small amounts(液体)间歇地喷出例:The blood was pumping from the wound im his thigh. 血从他大腿的伤口处喷出。

  sizable [′saiz?bl]

  a. 至关大的例:a sizable expansion of oil industry煤油工业的可观成长

  squeeze [skwi:z]

  vt. 1.to press sth firmly inwards压,挤,捏,榨2.to manage to do sth although you are very busy为(做某事)想法挤出时候例:How do you manage to squeeze so much into one day?你一天里怎样能有时候做那末多事变?*3.to strictly limit the amount of money that is available to a company or organization收缩(某公司或机构)的资金;使……经济窘迫例:The failure of the levy has squeezed the school district’s budget. 税款征收晦气使学区预算拨款变得窘迫起来。

  vt. &vi. (使)挤进;塞入(后常跟介词或副词)例:Five of us squeezed into the back seat of the car. 咱们中有5小我挤进了汽车的后座。

  n. 1.[C]紧捏,紧握,挤压2.[用单数]拥堵,密集

  2、句式布局阐发

  1.This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979~1980,when they also almost tripled.

  句子骨干是This near tripling of oil prices…calls up…memories of the 1973…and 1979~1980…此中of oil prices润饰前面的tripling, of the 1973和1979~1980润饰memories。1973和1979~1980后面又别离跟了两个when指导的定语从句对时候名词举行润饰。

  2.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.

  该句主语Strengthening economic growth和谓语could push之间放入一个时候状语作插入成份,用逗号与主句离隔。

  3.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, [if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $ 13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%~0.5%of GDP].

  句子骨干是The OECD estimates…that…,that后是宾语从句,在这个从句中又含有一个if 指导的前提状语,宾语从句的主语是this, 指的就是这个前提句,谓语是would increase…,compared with $ 13 in 1998是一个状语。

  4.On the other hand, oil importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.

  句子骨干是oil importing emerging economies…have become…and so could be…;此中在主语和第一个谓语后放入一个which指导的定语从句润饰主语作插入成份。

  5.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, [unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general co妹妹odity price inflation and global excess demand].

  句子骨干是…reason…is that…。not to lose sleep over…是reason的后置定语。that指导的表语从句比力繁杂,此中包含一个形容词短语unlike…做状语,表语从句的主语it指的是前文提到的the rise in oil prices。

  常识点弥补:lose sleep over意思是“因……而失眠”;occurred against the background of…意思是“产生在……的布景下”。

  3、文章布局阐发

  本文摘自The Economist(《经济学家》)1999年11月27日一篇题为Oil Pleasant Surprise(煤油的欣喜)的文章。这是一篇关于油价上涨对全世界经济影响的文章。文章重要阐发了油价上涨不会造玉成球经济阑珊的缘由。文章前两段为引子(引发读者的乐趣并交代布景),后三段论述作者概念。起首表白全篇概念:此次煤油代价上涨不会像前两次同样造成经济阑珊,接着阐发缘由。为了加强说服力,作者采纳了比拟、例证、说理、和援用等伎俩支撑本身的概念。

  第一段:提出煤油代价上涨会不会像前两次同样造成经济阑珊的疑难。

  第二段:弥补阐明油价上涨的此外两个身分,交接所会商问题的布景。

  第三至五段:第三段首句为全文的中间思惟,对第一段提出的问题予以答复,即,油价上涨不会致使经济滑坡。接着别离阐述了三个来由。

  4、试题详细阐发

  1.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______. 1.近来煤油代价上涨的重要缘由是______。

  [A]global inflation [A]全世界性通货膨胀
  [B]reduction in supply [B]煤油供给量削减
  [C]fast growth in economy [C]经济快速增加
  [D]Iraq’s suspension of exports [D]伊拉克暂停煤油出口

  本题稽核的常识点是:因果细节。准确率:56%

  [快速解题]第一段②句明白指出了缘由,即“自从煤油输出国组织在3月决议削减原油供给以来,原油的代价已从客岁12月的不到10美元一桶上涨到约26美元一桶”,是以[B]为准确谜底。[A]是④句提到的前两次油价暴涨酿成的后果。[C]和[D]是第二段提到的进一步鞭策油价上涨(another push up)的缘由。

  [篇章阐发]第一段首句提出作者存眷的问题——此次煤油代价上涨会不会像前两次同样造成经济阑珊?②句指出造成这次煤油代价上涨的重要缘由,since暗含因果瓜葛。③④句回首前两次致使全世界经济阑珊的的煤油打击。⑤句呼应段首,重申作者存眷的问题,此中,headlines warning of gloom and doom代指economic decline(经济阑珊)。

  第二段指出煤油代价上涨的此外两个身分,因果瓜葛标记词别离为push up, push。

  [准确项设置]题干若是问重要缘由,则文中必定提到不止一个缘由,是以这种标题考核了考生区别重要信息和次要信息的能力。[B]同义更换②句中supply-cuts。

  [滋扰项设置][A]张冠李戴,用关于前两次煤油代价上涨的内容作为滋扰。[C]、[D]把次要缘由当重要缘由。

  2.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ______. 2.从文中可以推出,在______环境下,煤油零售代价会大幅上涨。

  [A]price of crude rises [A]原油代价上涨
  [B]co妹妹odity prices rise [B]商品代价上涨
  [C]consumption rises [C]消费上涨
  [D]oil taxes rise [D]煤油税上涨

  本题稽核的常识点是:推理引伸。准确率:61%

  [快速解题]第三段②③指出,原油代价只占汽油零售代价的一小部门,其大部门(在欧洲高达五分之四)是税收,是以原油代价的变更对汽油代价影响不大。由此可推知,影响汽油代价的重要身分是税收。[D]为准确谜底,同时解除[A]。

  [篇章阐发]第三段首句答复了第一段提出的问题,为全文大旨句。该句明白作者概念:这次煤油代价上涨带来的经济影响不会像曩昔那末紧张,即不会致使经济败落。②③句给出来由一:大都国度的原油本钱仅占煤油代价的一小部门,并器具体数据诠释阐明。

  [准确项设置]第三段②③都阐明:原油代价的变更不会发生太大影响。该题从相反的角度(甚么会造成油价上涨)考覆按生从究竟中揣度潜伏瓜葛([D])的能力。

  [滋扰项设置][A]反向滋扰。对应第三段末句中more muted effect。[B]张冠李戴,用第一段④句中关于前两次煤油代价上涨的内容(double-digit inflation)做滋扰。[C]无中生有。

  3.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ______. 3.《经济预测》中的文章估量表白:在发财国度______。

  [A]heavy industry becomes more energy intensive [A]重工业加倍能源密集化
  [B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices [B]收入的丧失重要原由于原油价 格的颠簸
  [C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed [C]制造业已承受到紧张冲击
  [D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP [D]油价变革对海内出产总值没有 首要影响
本题稽核的常识点是:推理引伸。准确率:79%

  [快速解题]按照题干关头词rich countries可定位到第四段,文中为Rich economies。该段⑤句提到,“在近来一期的《经济预测》中国际经合组织估量,若是整年油价均匀为每桶22美元,与1998年的13美元一桶比拟,也只会使发财国度的煤油入口付出增长GDP的0.25%~0.5%”。数据自己及only一词都表白其影响不是很大,[D]为准确谜底。

  [A]和该段①②句提到的“发财国度不像曩昔那样依靠煤油,能源密集型重工业的首要性低落”究竟不符。⑥句提到,(油价的上升)还不到1974年或1980年收入削减部门的四分之一。由此解除[B]。末句谈到,可能蒙受更紧张冲击的是入口煤油的新兴国度,而非发财国度的制造业,解除[C]。

  [篇章阐发]第四段指出煤油代价上涨不会造成(富饶国度)经济阑珊的来由二。首句为段落大旨句,点明来由:富饶@国%92J62%度对煤%822mZ%油@的依靠水平已低落,以是对油价的颠簸已不似曩昔敏感。②③句阐发富饶@国%92J62%度对煤%822mZ%油@依靠水平低落的缘由。④至⑥句用GDP数据和《经济预测》的估量数据阐明油价上涨对富饶国度的影响已低落。⑦句迁移转变(On the other hand)指出可能蒙受更紧张的冲击是入口煤油的新兴国度。

  [准确项设置][D]是首句提出的概念,是作者援用《经济预测》的估量数据所支撑的论点。此外,[D]也能够从这些数据自己揣度出来,oil price changes对应⑤句中if oil prices…,have no significant impact on GDP对应句中this would increase…by only 0.25-0.5%of GDP。

  [滋扰项设置][A]张冠李戴,用新兴国度的环境(第四段末句)做滋扰。[B]反向滋扰,用mainly results from更换⑥句中less than one quarter。[C]张冠李戴且混同时态,将“新兴国度可能产生的环境”看成“发财国度已产生的环境”。

  4.We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______. 4.从文中,咱们可以得出的结论是______。

  [A]oil price shocks are less shocking now [A]如今的油价打击其实不可骇
  [B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks [B]通货膨胀彷佛与油价打击无关
  [C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices [C]能源储蓄可以按捺油价
  [D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry [D]原油代价上涨致使重工业的萎缩
本题稽核的常识点是:推理引伸。准确率:53%

  [快速解题]第三段首句指出,咱们有充实的来由预期此次油价上涨所带来的经济影响不会很紧张。接着文章论述其缘由:(1)原油代价只占汽油代价的一小部门;(2)发财@国%92J62%度对煤%822mZ%油@的依靠性不如畴前;(3)这次油价上涨其实不在商品总代价上涨和全世界需求兴旺@这%fz221%类大情%cPV71%况@中产生。是以,从文中可得出的结论是[A]。[B]与第一段④句提到的“通货膨胀曾是煤油危机的成果”相悖。第四段②句提到,能源储蓄等削减了煤油损耗量,但未提到按捺油价,解除[C]。该句也提到重工业的首要性低落,但未说起它是甚么缘由酿成的,是以[D]也无从推出。

  [篇章阐发]第三至五段经由过程比力如今与20世纪70年月的环境,阐发这次油价上涨将会对全世界经济的影响。第三段首句为该意群的大旨句,指出此次油价上涨不会像20世纪70年月同样致使经济阑珊。这三段别离阐述了三大来由。

  [准确项设置][A]与第三段首句概念一致,并经由过程第三至五段的阐述得以证明。less shocking 对应这三段首句中的less severe, less dependent, less sensitive, not to lose sleep over。

  [滋扰项设置]其他项实为三组毛病的因果瓜葛。[B]中seems irrelevant to与第一段④句中resulted in相抵牾。[C]、[D]强加因果,编造文中提到的energy conservation, heavy industry与oil price之间的瓜葛。

  5.From the text we can see that the writer seems ______. 5.从文中咱们可以看出作者的立场彷佛是______。

  [A]optimistic [A]乐观
  [B]sensitive [B]敏感
  [C]gloomy [C]郁闷
  [D]scared [D]惧怕

  本题稽核的常识点是:作者立场。准确率:77%

  [快速解题]作者大篇幅地给出来由阐明此次油价上涨的后果不会很紧张。第三段首句提到,“咱们有充实的(good)来由预期此次油价上涨所带来的经济影响不会很紧张”,最后一段第一句话又谈到“不消为油价上升而失眠(not to lose sleep over)的此外一个缘由”。可见[A]表达了作者的真正立场。

  [准确项设置][A]optimistic合适大旨句所表达的作者概念,又归纳综合了本文重要内容。

  5、全文翻译

  往日经济败落的可骇日子是不是会重来?自从煤油输出国组织在3月决议削减原油供给以来,原油的代价已从客岁12月的不到10美元一桶上涨到约26美元一桶。油价近三倍的上涨使人回忆起了1973年的煤油打击,那时的油价涨了四倍,也让人想起了1979年至1980年时代,那时的油价也几近涨了三倍。(句式1)前两次的油价打击致使了两位数的通货膨胀率并激发了全世界性的经济阑珊。那末此次告诫人们恶运到临的头版消息到哪里去了呢?

  本周伊拉克暂停煤油出口,这使油价又一次被举高。强劲的经济增加势头,和北半球冬日的到来,依然可能在短时间内使煤油代价涨得更高。(句式2)

  但是,咱们有充实的来由预期此次油价上涨所带来的经济影响不会像20世纪70年月那末紧张。与70年月比拟,如今大都国度的原油代价在汽油代价中占据更小的分额。在欧洲,税金在汽油零售价中所占比例高达五分之四,是以,即便原油代价产生很大的颠簸,汽油代价所受的影响也不会象曩昔那末显著。

  发财国度也不像曩昔那样依靠煤油,是以对油价的颠簸也不那末敏感了。能源储蓄、燃料替换和能源密集型重工业的首要性低落,这些都削减了煤油损耗量。软件、咨询及挪动德律风损耗的煤油,比钢铁、汽车行业少很多。富饶国度海内出产总值(以今朝代价计较)中,每美元所损耗的煤油量比1973幼年了近一半。在近来一期的《经济预测》中国际经合组织估量,若是整年的油价均匀为每桶22美元,与1998年的13美元一桶比拟,这也只会使富饶国度的煤油入口付出增长GDP的0.25至0.5个百分点。(句式3)这还不到1974年或1980年收入削减部门的四分之一。另外一方面,入口煤油的新兴国度因为转向了重工业,变得加倍能源密集,是以可能蒙受更紧张的冲击。(句式4)

  不消为油价上涨而失眠的此外一个缘由是,与20世纪70年月分歧,此次油价上升其实不是产生在广泛物价上涨及全世界需求过旺的布景之下。(句式5)世界上不少地域才方才走出经济败落。《经济学家》的商品代价指数与一年前比拟,整体上没有甚么变革。1973年的物价跃升了70%,而1979年也上升了近30%。

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