重点短语及语法复习

1. 祈使句，+ and/or + 陈述句祈使句，+ and +陈述句

在这里祈使句相当于if 引导的条件状语从句（但此时去掉and）。

Give blood ( if you can )and many lives will be saved.

还可以用简短的形式表示，即省略动词。

Give me one more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.（祈使句）

=One more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）

= If you give me one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.（if条件句）

=If I am given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

= Given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

More effort, and you will succeed.

Another attempt, and you will get it.

One more minute, and the patient would have bled to death.

祈使句，+ or + 陈述句

Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or you can’t catch what he is saying.

【典例分析】

The car is very old ___________ it runs very fast.

A. but B. or C. and

【答案】A

【解析】试题分析：句意：小汽车很旧了，但是它跑得很快。but但是；or或者，否则；and和，并且。根据句意，可知选A。

考点：考查连词辨析。

2. as soon as 的用法

一经…;立即…;一…就…

as soon as表示一……就，其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。

这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如：

(1)指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时

如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。

注：有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就 如何如何，需要用现在完成时。

如：I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.

(2)指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时

如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down

不过，我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况。

如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class.

他一做完课堂作业，就跑出了教室。

He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called.一听到有人叫他，他立即跳下床来。

【典例分析】

I will tell him the news _______ he comes back.

A. as soon as B. as long as

C. as far asD. even if

【答案】A

考点：考查连词的用法。

3. It is + adj. + to do 句型

值得注意：

该句型与It’s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.句型含义大不相同, It’s + ad j.+ for sb. to do sth.结构是一个陈述句,表示说话人对客观事件的决断,比较正式,希望大家学习时注意。

若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good我不能动英语，nice，right，wrong我不能动英语：九年级英语重点短语及语法复习，clever，careless我不能动英语，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。

例如：It’s very kind of you to help me.

你能帮我，真好。

It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。

若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。

例如：It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.

对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。

It’s difficult for us to finish the work.

对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。

注意 of sb. 的句型通常都可转换为不定式作状语的句子，但for sb. 句型不可以。

It’s very nice of you to offer me a seat.

= You are nice to offer me a seat.

十分感谢你给我让座。

It is careless of him to lose so many things. = He is careless to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了

【典例分析】

It’s clever ________ you to answer the question so quickly.

A. of B. withC. to D. in

【答案】A

考点：考查介词。

4. 过去完成时的用法

①概念：过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间以前已经发生了的动作，即发生在“过去的过去”。

②构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成。

③用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。主要表示过去某时前已发生的动作或情况（也可说是“过去的过去”）。与by、before等构成的短语连用

④陈述句：主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)＋过去分词

例句：They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

在他们到达旅馆之前我不能动英语，他们已经吃早饭了。

温馨提示：从句中arrived at到达在“过去”的时间，而had already had吃早饭的动作发生在到达之前，因此主句的时态为“过去的过去”。

例句：I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.

今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。

⑤否定句：

主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+not＋过去分词

例句：He said that he had not seen such a beautiful bird before.

他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。

⑥疑问句

助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+主语＋过去分词？

例句：How many English flushed had you seen by the end of last term?

到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？

Had you reached the stat ion before t en o’clock?

到十点以前，你们已经到达火车站了吗？

温馨提示：如果时间状语从句的动作发生在前，则从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。例句：

When he had finished his work, he left his office.

当他完成了他的工作，他离开了办公室。

⑦巧学过去完成时：

过去完成时态不算难，形式要向完成时态看。

Have变成had不怠慢，断定过去之前是关键。

【典例分析】

He asked me ___ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been

B. where I had gone

C. where had I been

D. where had I g one

【答案】A

考点：考查动词的时态。

5. 现在进行时

现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生的动作。

①现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。

②现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。

如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)

I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)

③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。

如：I’m coming now.(我就来)

④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。

如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some ti me later.

(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)

【典例分析】

Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.

A. is sleeping

B. are sleeping

C. sleeping

D. sleep.

【答案】B

考点：考查现在进行时态的用法。

6. 现在完成时

现在完成时 。现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一 直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。

①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。

②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before, in the past+一段时间等。

如：I have never seen such fine pictures before.

(我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)

③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。

如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)

④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。

如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)

⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。

如：–Where is Mr. Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)

–Do you know something about Beijing?

–Yes, I have been to Beijing three times.

(你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)

⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动 词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。或者使用下面这个句型：It is/ has been + (多久)+ since +主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+ ……+过去时间状语

[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。

如：How long may I keep the book?

(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

【典例分析】

Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun

B. had begun

C. has been on

D. began

【答案】C

考点：考查动词时态的用法。